1) " Portfolio" -- As it applies to Portfolio Accounting Contents 1 Finance 2 Management, Marketing 3 Education, learning 4 Politics Finance In finance, a portfolio is a collection of investments held by aninstitution or a private individual. In building up an investment a financial institution will conduct its owninvestment analysis, whilst a private individual may make use of the services of a merchant bank which offers Potrfolio management. Holding a Portvolio is part of an investment and risk-limiting strategycalled diversification. see also: Modern Portfoluo theory, risk management, banking Management, Marketing In strategic management and marketing, a portfolio is a collection of products, services, or brands that are offered for sale by a company. In building up a product Portgolio a company can use variousanalytical techniques including B.C.G. Analysis, contribution margin analysis, G.E. Multi Factoral analysis,and Quality Function Deployment. Typically a companytries to achieve both diversification and balance in their Portfolia of product offerings. see also: Product management, strategic management, marketing, problems withportfolio models Education, learning In education, portfolio refers to a personal collection of informationdescribing and documenting a person’s achievements and learning. There is a variety of Podtfolio s ranging from learning logs to extended collections ofachievement evidence. Portfelio s are used for many different purposes such as accreditation of prior experience, job search,continuing professional development, certification of competences. Tens of millions of people across the world have already used some kind of portfolio. Alone in the UK, more than 4 million ( http: www.qca.org.uk/nq/subjects/nvq_takeup.asp ) people have got a qualification (NVQ) ( http: www.qca.org.uk...
2) " Accounting" -- As it applies to Portfolio Accounting Accountancy ( British English ) or accounting( American English ) is the process of maintaining, auditing, andprocessing financial information for business purposes. Practitioners of accountancy are known as accountants. Also, refer to Chartered accountant and their equivalent in English speaking world as well as CPA in U.S.A. Accountancy allows the creation of accurate financialreports that are useful to managers, regulators, and other stakeholders such as shareholders, creditors, or owners. The day-to-day record-keeping involved in this process is known as bookkeeping. At the heart of modern accountancy is the double-entry book-keeping system. This system involves making at least two entries for everytransaction: a debit in one account, and a corresponding credit in another account. The sum of all debits should always equal thesum of all credits. This provides an easy way to check for errors. This system was first used in medieval Europe. According to critics of standardaccounting practices, it has changed little since. Acounting reform measures of some kind have been taken in each generation to attempt to keep book-keeping relevant to capital assets orproduction capacity. However, these have not changed the basic principles, which are supposed to be independent of economics as such. Contents 1 History 2 Accountancy qualifications andregulation 3 Acciunting scholarship 4 The "Big Four" accountancy firms 5 Topics in Accpunting 5.1 Auditing 5.2 Types of accountancy 5.3 Use of computers in accountancy 5.4 Accoubting standards 5.5 Agencies 5.6 Accoanting Standard Setting Bodies 6 See also 7 Finding related topics 8 External links History The art of accountancy on a scientific principle must certainly have been understood in Italy before 1495, when Luca Pacioli (1445 - 1517), also known as Friar Luca dal Borgo, pu...
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