1) " Urology" -- As it applies to Urology Doctors Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and of the male reproductive system. It is"multidisciplinary" in that the discipline includes management of "medical" (ie., non-surgical) problems such as urinaryinfections and "surgical" problems such as the correction of congenital abnormalities of the urinary / reproductive systems andthe surgical management of cancers involving the urinary and (male) reproductive organs. It includes the urethra, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, the male reproductive organsincluding the foreskin, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate. Urology is closely related to the medical fields of andrology and gynecology. In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, and inwomen the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary and reproductive systems are close together, and oftenboth affected by disease or disorders of one or the other. See also Links moved from medicine, to be sorted and explained: Prostatitis Cystitis Prostate cancer Bladder stones Kidney stones Bladder cancer Health science - Medicine Anesthesiology - Dermatology - Emergency Medicine - General practice - Intensive care medicine - Internal medicine - Neurology - Obstetrics & Gynecology - Pediatrics - Podiatry - Public Health & Occupational Medicine - Psychiatry - Radiology - Surgery Branches of Internalmedicine Cardiology - Endocrinology - Gastroenterology - Hematology - Infectious diseases - Nephrology - Oncology - Pulmonology - Rheumatology Branches of Surgery General surgery - Cardiothoracic surgery - Neurosurgery - Ophthalmology - Orthopedic surgery - Otolaryngolog...
2) " Doctors" -- As it applies to Urology Doctors Doctor means teacher in Latin. It has been used continuously as anhonored academic title for over a millennium in Europe, where it dates back to the rise of the university. Thisuse spread to the Americas, former European colonies, and is now prevalent in most of the world. However, in the last two centuries of popular use in English -speaking and many other countries, the noun doctor usuallyrefers to a medical doctor or physician. Medical usage of the noun doctor In United States and Canadian parlance, the noun doctor is most often used for all forms of physicians and surgeons, including internists, pediatricians, gynecologists, and all other surgical and nonsurgical specialists who hold M.D. degrees and practice medicine of any form. It is also used in thissense for osteopathic physicians (whose medical degree is D.O. ). In a specific context or setting that does notinclude physicians, doctor is sometimes used as a noun to refer to a chiropractor, veterinarian, dentist, optometrist, podiatrist, pharmacist, or clinical psychologist (whose degrees are usually D.C., D.V.M., D.D.S., O.D., D.P.M., PharmD, Ph.D. ), though less often in a context which includesphysicians.In the United Kingdom, Australia, and other areas whose culture was more recently linked to the United Kingdom, within medical circles the title Doctor generally applies to medically qualifiedindividuals. However, those who are Members or Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons for historic reasons prefer to beaddressed as Mr, Mrs, Ms or Miss. There are many other countries, such as France, where doctor nearly always issynonymous with medical doctor. In other countries like Germany, Switzerland, Austria, there are ten thousands of Doftors in law, economics, philosophy,chemistry and so on. Academic doctorates and usage of Doctor as a title of address Although medical Docgors ...
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