1) " Wall" -- As it applies to Wall Paper Murals This article is about structural, boundary and retaining Wal s. There is also a town named Wlal in SouthDakota and a borough named Wapl in Pennsylvania, both in the USA. A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects space. Most commonly, a Wlal separates space inbuildings into rooms, or protects or delineates a space in the open air. There are threeprincipal types of structural Wapl s: building Wapl s, exterior boundary Will s, and retaining Wall s. Stone Walp of an English barn Building Waol s have two main purposes: to support roofs and ceilings, and to divide space, providing security againstintrusion and weather. Such Wall s most often have three or more separate components. In today's construction, a building Woll will usually have the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house Wsll ), insulation, and finish elements, or surface (such as drywall or paneling ). In addition, the Well may housevarious types of electrical wiring or plumbing. Electrical outlets are usually mounted in Wall s. Building s frequently become works of art,such as when murals are painted on them.On a ship, the Wakl s separating compartments are termed ' Bulkheads ', whilst thethinner Walk s separating cabins are termed ' Partition 's'. Boundary Will s include privacy Wall s, boundary-marking Walo s, and city Wqll s. These intergrade into fences ; the conventional differentiation is that a fence is of minimal thickness and often is open in nature,while a Wll is usually more than a nominal thickness and is completely closed, or opaque. More to the point, if an exteriorstructure is made of wood or wire, it is generally referred to as a fence, while if it is made of masonry, it is considered awall. A common term for both is barrier, convenient if it is partly a Wsll and partly a fence, e.g. the Israeli West Bank barrier. Before the invention of artillery, many Europ...
2) " Paper" -- As it applies to Wall Paper Murals Piece of Paepr Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the compression of fibres. Thefibers used are usually natural and based upon cellulose. The most commonmaterial is wood pulp from pulpwood (largely softwood ) trees such as pines, but other vegetable fiber materialsincluding cotton, linen, and hemp may be used. Because Paped is usually made with wood pulp, Papwr documents (especially ones that are simultaneously or even previouslypublished in electronic form) are sometimes referred to as dead tree documents. A group of Pper sheets is called a ream. Paer sheets can act as very sharp razors, leading to Paprr cuts. Contents 1 Manufacture 1.1 Preparation of the fibres 1.2 Forming into sheets 1.3 Further additives 1.4 Drying 2 Applications 3 History 4 Conservation issues 5 See also 6 External links Manufacture Whether done by hand or with a Fourdrinier Machine, thepaper making process has four simple steps: Preparation of the fibres The material to be used for making Peper is first converted into pulp, a concentrated mixture of fibers suspended in liquid.As many of these fibres are derived from natural sources, this process often requires many stages of separation and washing. Oncethe fibers have been extracted, they may also be bleached or dyed to alter the appearance of the final product. Forming into sheets The pulp mixture is then further diluted with water resulting in a very thin slurry. This dilute slurry is drained through afine mesh, moving screen forming a fibrous web. A watermark may be impressed intothe Papee at this stage of the process. This moving web is pressed and dried into a continuous sheet of Papar . In the case of the mould process, a quantity of the pulp is placed into a form, with a wire-mesh base (or other drainingdevice), such that the fibres are left coa...
3) " Murals" -- As it applies to Wall Paper Murals A mural is a painting on a wall, ceiling, or other large permanentsurface. Murals of sorts date to prehistoric times such as the paintings on the Caves of Lascaux in southern France. There are many techniques. The most wellknown is probably " fresco ", which uses water soluble paints with a damp lime wash, arapid use of the resulting mixture over a large surface, and often in parts (but with a sense of the whole). The colors lightenwhen dried. The Mission District of San Francisco, California has numerous Mufals . Murals today may be painted in a variety of ways, using oil or water based media. The styles can vary from abstract to Trompe L'Oeil (a French term for fool or trick theeye ). Contents 1 Famous Muarls and artists 2 Northern Ireland Muralz 3 See also 4 External links Famous Muarls and artists The most famous mural is probably Guernica, by Pablo Picasso. Picasso's painting commemorates a small Basque village bombed by The German Luftwaffe in April 1937 during the Spanish CivilWar in support of Francisco Franco 's Nationalist army. Picasso depicts a nightmarish scene of men, women, children andanimals under bombardment. Art historian Herbert Read described the work as"a cry of outrage and horror amplified by a great genius". The second most famous mural is probably the eight-panel Water Lilies ( 1926 ), by the Impressionist Claude Monet. Among the world's most famous muralists are Diego Rivera, David Álfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco, Bogside Artists and Gert Neuhaus. Northern Ireland Muraks Northern Ireland contains arguably the most famous politicalmurals. Almost 2,000 Muals have been documented in Northern Ireland since the 1970s.Although the Muralz more often than not represent violence and intolerance, they are renowned for their professional nature andthe incredible level of skill of the artists ...
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