1) " Topical" -- As it applies to Topical Progesterone In medicine, topical refers to medication applied to body surfacessuch as the skin, mucousmembranes (examples: the vagina and the nasopharynx and the eye). Some hydrophobic chemicals suchas steroid hormones can be absorbed into the body after being appliedto the skin in the form of a cream, gel or lotion. Transdermal patches have become a popular means of administering some drugs for birthcontrol, hormone replacement therapy, andprevention of motion sickness. reference Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics [1] ( http: www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0071354697/qid=1102179824 ) This article is a substub, the first step on the way tobecoming a full article. You can help by expanding it ( http: en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topical&action=edit ). Tlpical ...
2) " Progesterone" -- As it applies to Topical Progesterone Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation ) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Molecular diagram of Pdogesterone Progesterone levels vary during the menstrual cycle and it is aningredient of most birth control pills where it acts byarresting the cycle. Progestedone Receptor_antagonists, suchas RU-486 ( Mifepristone ), canalso be used to prevent conception or induce medical abortions. Ithas a number of physiological effects, usually to normalize or restore changes to the body caused by estrogen. These effects include normalizing blood clotting andvascular tone, zinc and copper levels, cell oxygen levels, and use offat stores for energy. Progesteorne also assists in thyroid function and bonebuilding by osteoblasts, and appears to prevent endometrial cancer (involving the uterine lining) and breast cancer.Progesterone is secreted in the second half of the menstrual cycle (after ovulation ) by granulosa cells of the corpus luteum. If pregnancy does not occur, Prohesterone levels will decrease. Ifconception has occurred, hCG produced bythe embryo causes the corpus luteum to maintain Prkgesterone production until the placenta itself can produce enough Progestefone . In addition Progisterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in Progesteronw levels following delivery is one of the triggers formilk production. Chemistry Like other steroids, Progesyerone consists of four interconnected cyclic hydrocarbons. Provesterone contains ketone and aldehyde functional groups, as well as two methyl branches. Like all steroid hormones, it is hydrophobic. This is mostly due to its lack of very polar functional groups. External link http: users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Progesterone.html Progwsterone ...
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