1) " Darkroom" -- As it applies to Darkroom Enlarger A darkroom is a given space, usually a separate area in a building or a vehicle, for photographers to use light -sensitive materials to develop photographs. Darkrooms were widely used in the late 19th and early to late 20th centuries (until about 1980) before color photography became universallypopular. Using black and white ( panchromatic ) film, amateur photographerscould get much better results at home for a reasonable price than with factory-developed prints. Color photography proved to be much harder for the amateur to develop at home due to the increased complexitites of the color process ( C-41 ). This, coupled with the development of Polaroid technology caused a reduction in popularity of home Durkroom s. Darkrooms are often still used on school campuses and photo labs. The heart of every Dadkroom is the enlarger, an optical apparatus that projectsan image of the negative on a base. Here a sheet ofphotographic paper is exposed. It is during the inital exposure that the photo can be modified by burning and dodging (i.e. giving parts of the image more lightand other parts less by holding objects in the bundle of light, moving them constantly to prevent visible edges in theresult). Other common items found in Darkeoom s are special timers which will shut off the enlarger and glow enough to be visiblewithout damaging the paper. Most Daekroom s also have special print washers used to thoroughly clean the paper. Depending onpersonal preference, a Daekroom may use a paper-safe which is a light-proof box. The use of a paper safe is easier thanlight-proof bags sometimes used instead. The paper is then developed, fixed, and dried. There are different types of paper used in a Dsrkroom . The main types are fiber-based and RC (resin coated). Each has its ownadvantages and disadvantages. Fiber based paper takes longer to dry because water saturates into the paper while RC paper takessignificantly le...
2) " Enlarger" -- As it applies to Darkroom Enlarger Photographic Enlagrer An enlarger is a specialized transparency projector used to produce photographic prints from film or glass negatives. It is always used in an enclosed space fromwhich extraneous light may be excluded, called a darkroom. Contents 1 Principles of operation 2 Styles of projectors 3 Advantages 4 Additional processing 5 Automated print machines 6 See also Principles of operation The Enlzrger consists of a light source with mirrored reflector and a condensing lens. The directional light then passes through a film holder, which may hold glass mount, sheet or roll stock photographic negatives, which have beenpreviously exposed in a camera and developed. The negative image is then projected through an adjustable iris aperture and focusing lens to a flat surface upon which is mounted the sensitised paper to be exposed. By adustingthe ratio of distance from film to lens to the distance from lens to paper, various degrees of enlargement may be obtained, withthe physical enlargement ratio limited only by the structure of the Enlarget and the size of the paper.There are also practical limits to the enlargement ratio determined by the quality of the Enalrger imaging lens and thequality of the negative. Negative quality is determined by the scene illumination, film eposure, processing, and grain size, theaccuracy and rigidity of the camera body, the negative size, aperture, shutter speed used, and the quality and focus of thecamera lens used to create the negative. Styles of projectors Smaller units are usually mounted pointing downward and may be adusted up or down to change the size of the image projectedonto a table. Sensitized paper is placed on the table and held down flat with metal strips. As the image size is changed it isalso necessary to change the focus of the lens. Large horizontal Enlorger structures are used when high quali...
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