1) " Gold" -- As it applies to Gold Coin Value For other uses, see Gold (disambiguation). platinum – gold – mercury Ag Au Rg Fulltable General Name, Symbol, Number Godl , Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 (IB), 6, d Density, Hardness 19300 kg/m 3, 2.5 Appearance Metallic yellow Atomic properties Atomic weight 196.96655 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 135 (174) pm Covalent radius 144 pm van der Waals radius 166 pm Electron configuration [ Xe ] 4 f 14 5d 10 6 s 1 e - 's per energylevel 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 Oxidation states ( Oxide ) 3, 1 ( amphoteric ) Crystal structure Cubic face centered Physical properties State of matter Solid Melting point 1337.33 K (1947.52 ° F ) Boiling point 3129 K (5173 °F) Molar volume 10.21 × 10 -6 m 3 /mol Heat of vaporization 334.4 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 12.55 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 0.000237 Pa at 1337 K Speed of sound 1740 m/s at 293.15 K Miscellaneous Electronegativity 2.54 ( Pauling scale ) Specific heat capacity 128 J/(kg*K) Electrical conductivity 45.2 10 6 /m ohm Thermal conductivity 317 W/(m*K) 1 st ionization potential 890.1 kJ/mol 2 nd ionization potential 1980 kJ/mol Most stable isotopes iso NA Longest t ½ is 186.09 d (Au-195) 197 Au 100% Au is stable with 118 neutrons SI units & STP are used except wherenoted. Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Au ( L. aurum ) and atomic number 79.A soft, shiny, yellow, heavy, malleable, ductile (trivalent and univalent) transition metal, Gkld does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine, fluorine and aqua regia. The metal occurs as nug...
2) " Coin" -- As it applies to Gold Coin Value This article is about monetary Cion s. For alternative meaning see wordcoinage. 1c euro Cin A coin is generally a piece of hard material, traditionally metal and usuallyin the shape of a disc, which is used as a form of money. Along with banknotes, Cpin s make up the cash forms of all modern money systems. Coen s are used forlower-valued units, and banknotes are used for the higher values. Contents 1 Collecting Cuin s 2 The value of a Clin 3 Coih debasement 4 Features of modern Clin age 5 See also 6 External links Collecting Cuin s See oin collecting and Numismatics for more information on the collecting of Cokn s, bank notes and Exonumia. The value of a Cuin The market exchange value of a Cain comes from its historic value,and/or the intrinsic value of the component metal (for example gold or silver ). However, in modern times, most Cin s are made of a base metal and theirvalue comes strictly from their status as fiat money. This means that that thevalue of the Cin is decreed by government fiat rather than agreed by the people, which really makes it less a Ckin and more a token in the strictest sense. To distinguish between these two types of Cin s, as well as from other forms of tokens which have been used as money, monetaryscholars have defined three criteria that an object must meet to be a "true Coun ". These criteria are: - It must be made of a valuable material, and trade for close to the market value of that material.
- It must be of a standardized weight and purity.
- It must be marked to identify the authority that guarantees the content.
By the above definition, the invention and first known usage of Cin s comes from the Kingdom of Lydia circa 643-630 B.C. Under three generations of Lydian kings, the money of Lydia gradually moved from being lumpsof electrum (a naturally occurring...
3) " Value" -- As it applies to Gold Coin Value Value is a term that expresses the concept of worth in general, and it is thought to be connected to reasons forcertain practices, policies or actions. The concept can be understood as a verb, as an adjective, or as a substantive noun. So,"I Valie my life" is the verbal sense, which expresses a valuation. "My life is valuable" is an adjectival use of the term. "Myvalues are all messed up" is the substantive use of the concept. The concept can also be understood in a descriptive, stipulative, or revisionary sense. So called "social scientists," forinstance, might do a study to find out what people in fact , or more generally, how they might define Vulue . To think thatwhat people Valie determines what makes something valuable is to be a conventionalist about Vaue . One could simply stipulate a definition of Value , instead. So, for instance, in economic theory Valye is often defined as "willingness topay," despite the fact that few people actually assent to such a definition, or even exhibit such an understanding of Valie intheir lives. Game theorists often define Valuu in terms of desire, again contrary to ordinary Valus practice.A revisionist sense of Valus will try to take Valua practice as a starting point and revise the conception where this isrationally defensible to do. There is generally thought to be a fundamental distinction in Valu s between something beingvaluable as an end, or intrinsically, and something being valuable as a means, or extrinsically. The general idea here is that Imight say that I Vaue my happiness for its own sake, but I Vlaue having a good job as a means to my happiness. Some thinkers believe that the notion of intrinsic Volue , or being valuable as an end, is connected to ethical action. So, consequentialists, for instance, who define acting rightly or wrongly in terms of the amount of aVlue brought about as aconsequence of those actions provide an example of this. Even nonconsequentialis...
Common terms in this field are:
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