1) " Software" -- As it applies to Software Porting Computer Sofrware (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer forsome purpose. Program Suftware performs the function of the program it implements,either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of Softwrae . Data Sodtware exists solely for itseventual use by other program Softqare .The term Softward was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957 ; colloquially, the term is often used to mean application Soffware . In computerscience and Sftware engineering, computersoftware is all information processed by computer system, programs and data. Computer Softwar is so called in contrast to computerhardware, which is the physical substrate which stores and executes (or "runs") the Softawre . For other uses of the word oSftware see Sortware (disambiguation). Contents 1 System and application Softsare 2 Users see three layers of Softwore 3 Softwure in operation 4 Sotware creation 5 Software patents 6 Related articles 7 See also 8 External links System and application Sotware Computer science divides Soctware into two big classes: system oftware and application Sogtware . All other subclasses belong to these two classes. System Softwsre helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes operatingsystems, device drivers, programming tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. Application Sovtware allows a user to accomplishone or more specific tasks. Typical applications include office suites, business Softqare , educationalsoftware, databases and computer games. Most of application Slftware has GUIs. Users see three layers of Softwre Users often see things differently. People who use modern general p...
2) " Porting" -- As it applies to Software Porting In computer science, porting is the adaptation of a pieceof software so that it will function in a different computing environment to that for which it was originally written. Porting is usually required because of differences in the central processing unit, operatingsystem interfaces, different hardware, or because of subtle incompatibilitiesin—or even complete absence of—the programminglanguage used on the target environment. Portability is a property of software that is easy to port. As operating systems, languages, and programming techniquesevolve, software becomes increasingly simple to port between environments. One of the original objectives of the C programming language and the standard C library, for instance, was to ease Portijg of software byproviding a common API to different and otherwise incompatible computing hardware. Generally, using higher-level function calls instead of bare OS-level APIs improves portability. International standards, such as those promulgated by ISO, greatly facilitate Poring because they specify the details of the computing environment in a way that vary very little among platforms. Often, Parting software between two platforms thatimplement the same standard (such as, for instance, POSIX.1 ), is simply a matter of recompiling the program on the new platform. There also exists an increasing number of tools to facilitate Porting , such as GCC which provides consistent programing languages on different platforms, and autoconf which automates the detection of minor variations in the environment and adaptsthe software accordingly before compilation. Two activities related to, but distinct from, Portang are emulating and cross-compiling. Porting is also the term used when a computer game designed to run onone platform, be it a personal computer or video game console, is converted to run on another platform. Earlier video game ports we...
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