1) " Diesel" -- As it applies to Diesel Cologne This article is about the fuel. For other uses see diesel (disambiguation). Diesel is a product used as a fuel in a diesel engine invented by Rudolf Diesel, andperfected by Charles F. Kettering. Contents 1 Petrodiesel 2 Biodiesel 3 Uses 4 See also 5 External links Petrodiesel One can obtain diesel from petroleum, which is called petrodiesel todistinguish it from diesel obtained from other sources. As a hydrocarbon mixture, it is obtained in the fractional distillation of crude oil between 250 °C and 350 °C at atmospheric pressure. Diesel is generally simpler to refine than gasoline and often costs less (though price fluctuations often mean that the inverse is true). However, dieselfuel often contains higher quantities of mineral compounds and sulfur. Emission standards in Europe have forced oil refineries todramatically reduce the level of these impurities, resulting in a much cleaner-burning fuel that produces less soot. The United States has worked toreduce the emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles in the last few decades, but diesel engines have not been regulated asheavily. Diesel fuel in the U.S. is generally much less pure than European diesel, though the transition to ultra-low sulfurdiesel (ULSD) will begin in 2006.Reducing the level of sulfur in diesel is better for the environment, and it allows the use of more advanced catalytic converters to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen ( NOx ).However, this also reduces the lubricity of the fuel, meaning that additives must be put into the fuel to help lubricate engines. Diesel contains approximately 18% more energy per unit of volume than gasoline, which along with the greater efficiency ofdiesel engines contributes to fuel economy (distance traveled per volume of fuel consumed). In the Maritime field various grades of Diesel fuel are used from Gas Oil toHeavy Fuel Oil:
2) " Cologne" -- As it applies to Diesel Cologne The article about perfume can be found at Eau deCologne. Map of Germany showing Cologne Cologne ( German : Köln [kœln]) (population965,954 as of December 31, 2003), is the fourth largest city in Germany and largestcity of the North Rhine-Westphalia state. It is the 16th largest city in the European Union. It is one of the most importantGerman inland ports, and considered the economic, cultural, and historic capital of the Rhineland. Its location at the intersection of the Rhine (German Rhein ) river with one ofthe major trade routes between eastern and western Europe was the foundation of Cologne's commercial importance. In the Middle Ages it also became an ecclesiastical center of significance and an importantcenter of art and learning. Cologne was badly damaged during World WarII. Today, it is the seat of the largest university in Germany, which is renowned for its economics faculty, and the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal. Cologne cathedral (German Kölner Dom ), the largest Gothic church in northernEurope, was designated a World Heritage site in 1996 ; it is the city's major landmark and unofficial symbol. The city is 43% Roman Catholic, 18%Protestant and 39% other religions. Until World War II and the followingstream of refugees arriving from Eastern Germany, Roman Catholicism had a wide majority in Cologne. Cologne has 31 museums. In addition to the university, it has 3 colleges. The biggest, Fachhochschule Köln (The University of Applied Sciences of Cologne) is the biggest college in Germany, with 18,000students. A total of 65,000 students study in Cologne. 20% of Cologne's population is non-German. 40% of these are Turkish. Cologne is well known for its beer, Kölsch beer. Kölsch is also the dialect ofCologne. It is jokingly said that Kölsch is the only language you can drink. Contents 1 Geography 2 The Coat of Arms of Col...
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