1) " Stammer" -- As it applies to Stammer Stuttering is a speech disorder in which pronunciation ofthe (usually) first letter or syllable of a word is repeated involuntarily. Forexample, stuttering on the word "table" would become either "t-t-t-t- t-table" or "ta-ta-ta-ta- -ta-table". This normallyhappens with phonemes beginning with /p/, /b/ or some other plosiveconsonant. Stuttering is an involuntary process which hinders normal communication. Although there are some self-helptechniques which can be taught, and which help some affected people, the person stuttering cannot stop the process, andanxiousness or nervousness often escalates the problem. In BritishEnglish the term stammering is used to refer to the stumbling and hesitation over words or syllables while theterm stuttering is used for the repetitious speech described above. Contents 1 Onset and causes 2 Practical advice 3 Some treatments for stuttering 4 Famous stutterers 4.1 Famous fictional stutterers 5 See also 6 External links Onset and causes Usually, stuttering appears slightly before adolescence, and sometimes itdisappears after puberty. However, if it continues to a mature age, it usually staysforever. It is three times more likely for boys than girls to get this disorder. Stuttering can be treated through speech therapy, but the results vary. Most commonly, the problems can bedecreased, but there is no objective way to measure the results. Stuttering sometimes develops into blocking, that is, even the first letter or syllable becomes impossible to pronounce, i.e.blocked. This often leads to nonsensical syllables in the place of the word; can often force multiple attempts to say the word;and in extreme cases can cause the person to give up trying to say the word altogether. A natural explanation for this is thatwhile trying to avoid stuttering or in fear of stuttering, the person cannot utter the word at all. This too is an involuntary...
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